Colorectal Cancer Awareness: What You Need to Know

From March 10-16, we observe Colorectal Cancer Awareness Week, a time dedicated to educating and empowering individuals about prevention, early detection, and treatment options for this common but highly preventable disease. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and available screenings can make a significant difference in outcomes.

What Is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer develops in the colon or rectum, key parts of the digestive system. It often starts as a polyp, a small growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. Regular screenings are essential because early detection significantly increases the chances of successful treatment.

Who Is at Risk?

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer, including:

  • Age – The risk rises significantly for individuals over 50.

  • Family History & Genetics – A personal or family history of colorectal cancer, polyps, or inherited conditions increases risk.

  • Diet & Lifestyle – A diet low in fiber but high in red and processed meats, obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption all contribute to higher risk.

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can increase susceptibility.

  • Ethnic Background – African Americans and Ashkenazi Jews have been found to have a higher risk.

Recognizing the Warning Signs

Colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms in its early stages, which is why screening is so crucial. However, as the disease progresses, common warning signs include:

  • Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stool)

  • Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Fatigue and weakness

  • Abdominal pain, cramps, or discomfort

  • A feeling that the bowel does not empty completely

Key Diagnostic Tests

Early detection is critical to improving survival rates. Several screening methods can help identify colorectal cancer in its early stages:

  • Colonoscopy – A flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the colon and rectum for polyps or abnormalities.

  • Fecal Blood Test – Detects hidden blood in the stool, which may indicate cancer.

  • CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) – Uses imaging to scan for abnormalities in the colon.

  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy – Focuses on examining the lower portion of the colon and rectum.

  • Biopsy – A tissue sample is taken if suspicious growths are detected during screening.

Treatment Options

If diagnosed, colorectal cancer can often be successfully treated with a combination of approaches, including:

  • Surgery – To remove cancerous growths or sections of the colon.

  • Radiation Therapy – Uses targeted radiation to shrink or eliminate tumors.

  • Chemotherapy – Medication to attack cancer cells and prevent their spread.

  • Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy – Advanced treatments designed to target specific cancer cells or boost the immune system’s ability to fight cancer.

Prevention and Next Steps

The good news is that colorectal cancer is largely preventable with regular screenings and proactive health choices. A diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, maintaining an active lifestyle, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, and keeping up with recommended screenings can dramatically reduce your risk. Don’t wait—awareness and early action save lives.

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Dr. Denise Frer